A Survey of the Seminole Freedmen
Title | A Survey of the Seminole Freedmen PDF eBook |
Author | Art Gallaher (Jr.) |
Publisher | |
Pages | 304 |
Release | 1951 |
Genre | African Americans |
ISBN |
The Seminole Freedmen
Title | The Seminole Freedmen PDF eBook |
Author | Kevin Mulroy |
Publisher | University of Oklahoma Press |
Pages | 479 |
Release | 2016-01-18 |
Genre | History |
ISBN | 0806155884 |
Popularly known as “Black Seminoles,” descendants of the Seminole freedmen of Indian Territory are a unique American cultural group. Now Kevin Mulroy examines the long history of these people to show that this label denies them their rightful distinctiveness. To correct misconceptions of the historical relationship between Africans and Seminole Indians, he traces the emergence of Seminole-black identity and community from their eighteenth-century Florida origins to the present day. Arguing that the Seminole freedmen are neither Seminoles, Africans, nor “black Indians,” Mulroy proposes that they are maroon descendants who inhabit their own racial and cultural category, which he calls “Seminole maroon.” Mulroy plumbs the historical record to show clearly that, although allied with the Seminoles, these maroons formed independent and autonomous communities that dealt with European American society differently than either Indians or African Americans did. Mulroy describes the freedmen’s experiences as runaways from southern plantations, slaves of American Indians, participants in the Seminole Wars, and emigrants to the West. He then recounts their history during the Civil War, Reconstruction, enrollment and allotment under the Dawes Act, and early Oklahoma statehood. He also considers freedmen relations with Seminoles in Oklahoma during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Although freedmen and Seminoles enjoy a partially shared past, this book shows that the freedmen’s history and culture are unique and entirely their own.
Freedom on the Border
Title | Freedom on the Border PDF eBook |
Author | Kevin Mulroy |
Publisher | Texas Tech University Press |
Pages | 260 |
Release | 1993 |
Genre | History |
ISBN | 9780896725164 |
Under the brilliant leadership of the charismatic John Horse, a band of black runaways, in alliance with Seminole Indians under Wild Cat, migrated from the Indian Territory to northern Mexico in the mid-nineteenth century to escape from slavery. These maroons subsequently provided soldiers for Mexico's frontier defense and later served the United States Army as the renowned Seminole Negro Indian Scouts. This is the story of the maroons' ethnogenesis in Florida, their removal to the West, their role in the Texas Indian Wars, and the fate of their long quest for freedom and self-determination along both sides of the Rio Grande. Their tale is a rich and colorful one, and one of epic proportions, stretching from the swamps of the Southeast to the desert Southwest. The maroons' history of African origins, plantation slavery, European and Indian associations, Florida wars, and forced removal culminated in a Mexican borderlands mosaic incorporating slave hunters, corrupt Indian agents, Texas filibusters, Mexican revolutionaries, French invaders, Apache and Comanche raiders, frontier outlaws and lawmen, and Buffalo Soldiers. What emerges is a saga of enslavement, flight, exile, and ultimately freedom.
Seminole Indians. Survey of the Seminole Indians of Florida
Title | Seminole Indians. Survey of the Seminole Indians of Florida PDF eBook |
Author | |
Publisher | |
Pages | 95 |
Release | 1931 |
Genre | Florida |
ISBN |
A Brief History of the Seminole-Negro Indian Scouts
Title | A Brief History of the Seminole-Negro Indian Scouts PDF eBook |
Author | Thomas Anthony Britten |
Publisher | |
Pages | 156 |
Release | 1999 |
Genre | History |
ISBN |
This volume provides an examination of the Black Seminoles: their history in Florida, the Indian Territory, Mexico and Texas, and their important contribution to the pacification of the Rio Grande frontier. The study places them against the backdrops of African slavery, Indian wars and frontier violence, and, using a host of archival and secondary sources, provides an up-to-date synthesis of these largely unknown people. In addition, the book provides new information, particularly about the scouts' activities in the Big Bend. Working closely with historians employed at the Ft. Clark Historical Society, Britten retraced the scouts' steps along the Rio Grande frontier. It is a major resource for those in frontier-western history, military history and the complex interaction of minority peoples in the west.
Freedmen and Seminoles
Title | Freedmen and Seminoles PDF eBook |
Author | Melinda Beth Micco |
Publisher | |
Pages | 420 |
Release | 1995 |
Genre | African Americans |
ISBN |
Africans and Seminoles
Title | Africans and Seminoles PDF eBook |
Author | Daniel F. Littlefield |
Publisher | Univ. Press of Mississippi |
Pages | 298 |
Release | 2001 |
Genre | History |
ISBN | 9781578063604 |
An updated edition of a standard work documenting the interrelationship of two racial cultures in antebellum Florida and Oklahoma