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Featuring over 250 contributions from more than 100 earth scientists from 18 countries, The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology deals with the nature and genesis of igneous rocks that have crystallized from molten magma, and of metamorphic rocks that are the products of re-crystallization associated with increases in temperature and pressure, mainly at considerable depths in the Earth's crust. Entries range from alkaline rocks to zeolite facies - providing information on the mineralogical, chemical and textural characters of rock types, the development of concepts and the present state of knowledge across the spectrum of igneous and metamorphic petrology, together with extensive lists of both commonly used and little used terms and bibliographies.

Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology, second edition, presents the essentials of both disciplines through an approach accessible to industry professionals, academic researchers, and students alike. This new edition emphasizes the relationship between rocks and minerals, right from the structures created during rock formation through the economics of mineral deposits. While petrology is classified on the lines of geological evolution and rock formation, mineralogy speaks to the physical and chemical properties, uses, and global occurrences for each mineral, emphasizing the need for the growth of human development. The primary goal is for the reader to identify minerals in all respects, including host-rocks, and mineral deposits, with additional knowledge of mineral-exploration, resource, extraction, process, and ultimate use. To help provide a comprehensive analysis across ethical and socio-economic dimensions, a separate chapter describes the hazards associated with minerals, rocks, and mineral industries, and the consequences to humanity along with remedies and case studies. New to the second edition: includes coverage of minerals and petrology in extra-terrestrial environments as well as case studies on the hazards of the mining industry. Addresses the full scope of core concepts of mineralogy and petrology, including crystal structure, formation and grouping of minerals and soils, definition, origin, structure and classification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks Features more than 250 figures, illustrations and color photographs to vividly explore the fundamental principles of mineralogy and petrology Offers a holistic approach to both subjects, beginning with the formation of geologic structures that is followed by the hosting of mineral deposits and the exploration and extraction of lucrative, usable products that improve the health of global economies Includes new content on minerals and petrology in extraterrestrial environments and case studies on hazards in the mining industry

Excerpt from A Summary of Progress in Mineralogy and Petrography, in 1887 Th'eories proposed to account for these bodies are discussed, and filiat one is accepted which regards them as the result of the alteration of spherulites, in preference to the one in which a vesicular origin is assigned them. The present writer thinks that a study of the phenomena attending the alteration of spheru lites will explain satisfactorily the occurrence of the hollow spherulites. In many of these there is often found a little patch of felsitic material with a radial structure, and from this Mr. Cole argues that the whole body was once of the same nature; and that the greater part of the original filling has been removed by decomposing agents, probably through the channels afforded by perlitic cracks. He then examines 3 many of the spherulitic rocks of Great Britain and some from localities in Europe and America, and finds that his views are on the whole confirmed. Pro fessor Milne, in a recent number of the Transactions of the Seis mological Society of Japan, ' states that the lavas of the Japanese volcanoes (one hundred in all, of which fony - ei ht are still active) are chiefly andesites, the hornblende varieties 0 which frequently contain quartz. Those containing olivine approximate to basalts, though true basalt is rare. A critical study of these rocks is now being made by members of the Japanese Survey. A microscopical examinations of the volcanic ash ejected during the recent eruption in New Zealand shows it to contain fragments of limpid plagioclase crystals, dark green pleochroic hornblende, sometimes fibrous, and extinguishing at biotite and a golden-colored mica in well-formed crystals of hexagonal out line, pyrite, magnetite, broken pieces of sulphur, and glass con taining crystallites arranged in flow-lines. By treatment of the granite-porphyry from Beucha with hydrofluoric acid, and then the residue thus obtained successively with various other acids, Kronstshol'is has succeeded in isolating from it small colorless isotropic crystals with glassy inclusions. These crystals possess a specific gravity greater than 3, a refractive index equal to that of garnet or spinel, and show, before the spectroscope, the lines of iron, calcium, magnesium, and aluminium. The author calls attention to the similarity between these crystals and those which he obtained in a like manner from the phonolite7 of Olbruck, and. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.