The standards process. Terms and concepts. Early codes. The duals of BCDIC. The size of BCDIC. The size and structure of PTTC. The structure of EBCDIC. The sequence of EBCDIC. The duals of EBCDIC. The graphic subsets of EBCDIC. The card code of EBCDIC. The new PTTC. The size and structure of ASCII. The sequence of ASCII. Which bit first?. Decimal ASCII. Which Hollerith?. Katakana and the Hollerith card code. What is a CPU code?. ASCII in 8-bit interchange environment. The alphabetic extender problem. Graphic subsets for the government. Which ASCII? Logical or, logical not. A comparison of contiguous, noncontiguous, and interleaved alphabets. Code extension examples. The 96-column card code. Glossary. Index.