Not long after research began at RAND in 1946, the need arose for random numbers that could be used to solve problems of various kinds of experimental probability procedures. These applications, called Monte Carlo methods, required a large supply of random digits and normal deviates of high quality, and the tables presented here were produced to meet those requirements.This book was a product of RAND's pioneering work in computing, as well a testament to the patience and persistence of researchers in the early days of RAND. The tables of random numbers in this book have become a standard reference in engineering and econometrics textbooks and have been widely used in gaming and simulations that employ Monte Carlo trials. Still the largest published source of random digits and normal deviates, the work is routinely used by statisticians, physicists, polltakers, market analysts, lottery administrators, and quality control engineers. A 2001 article in the New York Times on the value of randomness featured the original edition of the book, published in 1955 by the Free Press. The rights have since reverted to RAND, and in this digital age, we thought it appropriate to reissue a new edition of the book in its original format, with a new foreword by Michael D. Rich, RAND's Executive Vice President

This classic table of random numbers for use in statistical probability experiments, one of the first, was prepared in the precomputer days of 1947 using the specially built electronic equivalent of a 32-place roulette wheel. Fourteen RAND mathematicians, engineers, and computing pioneers participated in the planning, testing, and rerandomizing of the tables and in preparing for publication. The two tables, one of a million random digits and one of 100,000 Gaussian deviates, were photoreproduced from IBM 856 Cardatype printout. An introduction explains their derivation and statistical properties and gives directions for use. Although large simulation studies now generate their own random numbers, the RAND tables remain useful for smaller-scale work and hand calculations; they are much used in agricultural research. As of September 1971, [A Million Random Digits] was in its third printing, and nearly 7000 copies had been sold. (Published by The Free Press, 1955. Available only from booksellers or the publisher, or as a RAND Reprint.) 225 pp.

Random Number Generators, Principles and Practices has been written for programmers, hardware engineers, and sophisticated hobbyists interested in understanding random numbers generators and gaining the tools necessary to work with random number generators with confidence and knowledge. Using an approach that employs clear diagrams and running code examples rather than excessive mathematics, random number related topics such as entropy estimation, entropy extraction, entropy sources, PRNGs, randomness testing, distribution generation, and many others are exposed and demystified. If you have ever Wondered how to test if data is really random Needed to measure the randomness of data in real time as it is generated Wondered how to get randomness into your programs Wondered whether or not a random number generator is trustworthy Wanted to be able to choose between random number generator solutions Needed to turn uniform random data into a different distribution Needed to ensure the random numbers from your computer will work for your cryptographic application Wanted to combine more than one random number generator to increase reliability or security Wanted to get random numbers in a floating point format Needed to verify that a random number generator meets the requirements of a published standard like SP800-90 or AIS 31 Needed to choose between an LCG, PCG or XorShift algorithm Then this might be the book for you.

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