This study traces the origins of French feminism to Neoclassical theatre and the court of Louis XIV. The author focuses on figures such as the classical tragic heroine Iphigenie, among a wide range of themes and motifs that found reincarnation in the theatre, literature, politics, and art of Revolutionary through Naoleonic times. Worley reveals how the denial of voice and citizenship to women writers reflected a wider supresesion of female human rights and the denial of a proper hearing to real-life tragic victims.

Tragedy has been reborn many times since antiquity. Seventeenth-century French playwrights composed tragedies marked by neoclassical aesthetics and the divine-right absolutism of the Grand Siècle. But their works also speak to the modern imagination, inspiring reactions from Barthes, Derrida, and Foucault; adaptations and reworkings by Césaire and Kushner; and new productions by francophone and anglophone directors. This volume addresses both the history of French neoclassical tragedy--its audiences, performance practice, and development as a genre--and the ideas these works raise, such as necessity, free will, desire, power, and moral behavior in the face of limited choices. Essays demonstrate ways to teach the plays through a variety of lenses, such as performance, spectatorship, aesthetics, rhetoric, and affect. The book also explores postcolonial engagement, by writers and directors both in and outside France, with these works.

Love letters during the Napoleonic wars were largely framed by concepts of love which were promoted through novels and philosophy. The standard texts, so to speak, which were written by major authors who inherited this Enlightenment bearing, responded to the emerging concepts of love found in novels and philosophical essays. Love among this Napoleonic coterie is unique because it demonstrates the reciprocal relationship between the love letter and the romantic novel. Germaine de Staël, Juiette Récamier, Chateaubriand, Benjamin Constant, Lady Emma Hamilton, Napoleon Bonaparte and his brother, Lucien Bonaparte, were the authors and recipients of some of the most passionate love letters of this period. They were also avid readers of the newly emerging genre of the romantic novel, and many of them were also authors of such works where they projected their personal romances onto the characterization of their fictional heroes and heroines. In addition, these authors had lived through the recent French Revolution and the Terror. Imprisoned during the Revolution, or branded as emigrés upon their return to Paris, their mature adult lives were spent in the shadows of the Napoleonic wars in which they shifted political loyalties as the specter of Napoleon’s powers grew from First Consul to Emperor of Europe. The looming threat of war ignited the depths of their passions and inspired their intellectual analysis of love, happiness and suicide. Their evolving concept of love was a romantic, all-consuming passion which gripped the lovers in fatal embraces. This book’s analysis of their love letters and romantic novels reveals the emerging political landscape of the period through extended metaphors of love and patriotism.

The uptake of women’s writing as a distinct genre in literature since the 1960s has been rapid and multifarious. This development has fuelled a generation of literary and cultural studies, and can be seen in the growing influence of women’s and gender studies even in literary studies programs. The study of women’s writing has alerted literature to crucial social, political and cultural problems with which the discipline must continue to grapple. New Women’s Writing addresses this legacy and reflects upon the following questions: What is a critical history of women’s writing? How has women’s writing challenged literature’s rigid disciplinary construction? How can we derive a distinct philosophy of women’s writing and literary studies? How does an engagement with women’s writing contribute to a literary understanding of the complex politics of literature? This book is designed to interest both the seasoned scholar of women’s writing, as well as fledgling scholars who wish to grapple with the broad concept of women’s writing and its manifestations in the twentieth century and thereafter.

A critical catalogue of how lawyers use history - as authority, as evocation of lost golden ages, as a nightmare to escape and as progress towards enlightenment.