In 1994, 34 leaders representing every country except Cuba in North America, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) agreed to complete negotiations by the year 2005 on a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The first part of this paper briefly describes the dramatic economic reforms that have swept LAC countries over the past 10 years. For some time now, world trade has been coalescing into regional trading groups; the paper's second section illustrates this global trend by discussing the growing share of trade that is intra-regional in nature. The third part examines economic integration within the Western Hemisphere (customs unions, free trade agreements, preferential agreements, sectoral agreements). The fourth section summarizes the preparations for negotiation of a hemisphere-wide free trade agreement.

The 1990s and the early years of the 21st century have witnessed the emergence and proliferation of regional and bilateral trade agreements (RBTAs) between developed and developing countries in the Americas. These agreements typically liberalize trade in most goods and services, and they also coordinate measures on a broad range of economic policy areas beyond trade. The first and most prominent of these agreements is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which the USA, Canada and Mexico signed in the early 1990s. In subsequent years, the USA has concluded agreements with a number of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. The contributors to this book evaluate the economics and politics of this new pattern of North-South integration in the Americas. The book begins by considering the developmental implications of this new pattern of integration. Such agreements provide Latin American and Caribbean countries with significantly improved access to the US market, yet purchasing such preferential access via negotiation of RBTAs agreements with the US obliges countries to adopt US-style practices in areas such as the management of inward foreign investment and intellectual property. The first half of the volume addresses these issues, focusing on the challenges derived from new patterns of foreign investment, the rise of China as an exporting power, the emergence of a new regime for investment protection, and the multiplicity of intrusive forms of economic governance embodied in regional and global trade regimes. The second half of the book focuses on both the proliferation of RBTAs, and, critically, the limits to the spread of such agreements. The authors consider the interests in integration and strategies for negotiating RBTAs from the perspective of a variety of actors, deploying a range of analytic approaches. The chapters assess the capacities of the US to fulfil ambitions for integration, the strategy of Canada to both maintain close relations with the US and counterbalance its neighbor's preponderant influence throughout the region, the response of smaller countries in Central America and the Caribbean, reactions toward integration of the larger South American countries in Mercosur, and the broader question of how developing countries form coalitions and design collective bargaining strategies to participate in international trade politics.

Examines negotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Analyses issues involved and provides policy recommendations through study of the potential impact and critical factors concerning trade, investment, labour, the environment, and intellectual property. Also covers the impact upon and adjustments required in major industrial sectors - energy, steel, automobiles, textiles and apparel, agriculture, and the financial system.

Based on a thorough examination of government documents, congressional debates and reports, private papers of government and business leaders, and newspapers, David M. Pletcher begins this monumental study with a comprehensive survey of U.S. trade following the Civil War. He goes on to outline the problems of building a coherent trade policy toward Canada, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. The study concludes by analyzing a series of abortive trade reform efforts and examining the effects of the Spanish-American War. Pletcher rejects the long-held belief that American business and government engaged in a deliberate, consistent drive for economic hegemony in the hemisphere during the late 18OOs. Instead he finds that the American government improvised and experimented with ways to further trade expansion.