The popular image of Scotland is dominated by widely recognized elements of Celtic culture. But a significant non-Celtic influence on Scotland's history has been largely ignored for centuries? This book argues that much of Scotland's history and culture from 1100 forward is Jewish. The authors provide evidence that many of the national heroes, villains, rulers, nobles, traders, merchants, bishops, guild members, burgesses, and ministers of Scotland were of Jewish descent, their ancestors originating in France and Spain. Much of the traditional historical account of Scotland, it is proposed, rests on fundamental interpretive errors, perpetuated in order to affirm Scotland's identity as a Celtic, Christian society. A more accurate and profound understanding of Scottish history has thus been buried. The authors' wide-ranging research includes examination of census records, archaeological artifacts, castle carvings, cemetery inscriptions, religious seals, coinage, burgess and guild member rolls, noble genealogies, family crests, portraiture, and geographic place names.

'Phrases and Names, Their Origins and Meanings' is a one-of-a-kind encyclopedic work that offers plain statements of facts on the origins of popular phrases and names, alphabetically organized for easy reference. Trench H. Johnson's expertise in the subject matter, acquired through years of omnivorous reading and patient inquiry, has culminated in a comprehensive and fascinating compilation of linguistic curiosities that is sure to satisfy the curiosity of any word lover. From the history of place-names to the evolution of expressions, including a plethora of slang terms and Americanisms, this book offers a wealth of knowledge that opens up the history of peoples and civilizing influences.