Birds and mammals that feed on tree seed can seriously delay or prevent forest regeneration. Suitable methods to control these losses usually dictate whether reforestation by artificial seeding or natural seed fall is feasible. Emphasis was placed on references covering the protection of conifer seed, although pertinent material on the protection of rangeland and deciduous-tree seed was included. Citatations are arranged alphabetically by author and follow the form outlined in "Literature citations in publications of the Fish and Wildlife Service". Reference sources were restricted to journals related to forestry, mammalogy, and wildlife and technical papers and articles published by public and private institutions concerned with forest regeneration, written in English and appearing between 1900 and 1971