This edition features articles focusing on diverse subject matters from a geopolitical, environmental and economic point of view. Sumathy Permal discusses the geopoliticl and economic complexities of the Belt and Road Initiative ; a mega-project with a reputation for both risks and opportunities. Meanwhile, Farzana Reza dives into the topic of innocent pasage as prescribed by UNCLOS, focusing on issues in the Straits of Harmuz. Cheryl Rita had collaborated with Prof Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat from the Institute of Oceanography and Environment to look into the legal and management role of Marine Spatial Planning in ocean governance. Last and certainly not least, Cdr Ang Chin Hup (R) weighs in on the importance of economic growth and environmental sustainability in the domain of the Indian Ocean Rim. These topics tackle complex questions from three different regions, which MIMA hopes would be insightful to readers.

In this issue of MIMA Bulletin, mangrove management and conservation efforts are detailed in a special feature of the Kilim Karts Geoforest Park. In addition, Norsyihan Jamal makes a case for technology in the fisheries industry, highlighting the many ways it has moved into the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and how itcan be further improved. Cheryl Rita Kaur in collaboration with Dr Vu Hai Dang, on the other hand, compared the ocean policy development process between Viet Nam and Malaysia. Last and certainly not least, Captain Sukjoon Yoon of the Republic of Korea Navy(Ret.) discusses the issues and ressolution for maritime disputes in Northeast Asia.The range of topics included in this issue is wide and varied. MIMA hopes that this edition of the Bulletin continues to be informative and useful to our readers.

Special focus: Navigating Climate Change: A Brief Summary on Innovative Ocean Solutions Abstract: The ocean plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth by harbouring a significant portion of biodiversity, regulating the climate, contributing to the economy, and ensuring global food security. Nevertheless, the anticipated rise in worldwide temperatures, in addition to the acidification of the oceans and the elevation of sea levels, presents significant dangers to vital marine ecosystems and the benefits they provide. In spite of the commitments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, they are inadequate in restraining the global temperature increase to within +2°C by the year 2100. Hence, there is an immediate requirement for more ambitious measures to reduce GHG emissions. Ocean-based interventions show promise in mitigating the effects of climate change—such as ocean warming, acidification, and sea-level rise—on marine ecosystems. However, there is a lack of guidance in prioritising these interventions, and limited research, development, and deployment have been conducted in this field. This concise article offers an evaluation of ocean-based measures or schemes aimed at lessening climate-related drivers and negative impacts on selected marine ecosystems and their services. The assessment gauges the potential of each measure based on eight factors that encapsulates the environmental, technological, social, and economic criteria. These factors encompass effectiveness, technological readiness, lead time, duration of benefits, co-benefits, disbenefits, cost-effectiveness, and governance implications. The study highlights the significance of con-sidering the ethical, equitable, and governance implications of ocean-based interventions and the associated risks to oceanic life and human populations. Overall, this research illuminates the potential of ocean-based interventions in addressing the consequences of climate change on marine ecosystems and ecosystem services. It emphasises the need for further research, development, and deployment in this realm and underscores the importance of considering the broader implications and risks associated with these interventions. Content: - Editorial - From the Bridge - Special Focus: Navigating Climate Change: A Brief Summary on Innovative Ocean Solutions (Noorashikin Md Noor) - Demand for Halal Containers at Ports Buoyed by Increased Muslim Population (Mazlinawati Abdul Majid, Muhammad Khalid Ahmad Kamal, and Syuhaida Ismail) - Green Initiatives Towards GreenVoyage 2050: Have We Done Enough? (Nur Zulaikha Yusof) - New Era for ocean Governance: Understanding the High Seas Treaty (Wahab Jumrah) - Book on Malaysian Shipping and Logistics (Thatchaayanie Renganathan)