The Natural Philosophy Alliance (NPA) sponsors regular international conferences for presenting high-quality papers discussing aspects of philosophy in the sciences. Many papers offer challenges to accepted orthodoxy in the sciences, especially in physics. Everything from the micro-physics of quantum mechanics to the macro-physics of cosmology is entertained.Though the main interest of the NPA is in challenging orthodoxy in the sciences, it will also feature papers defending such orthodoxy. Our ultimate propose is to enable participants to articulate their own understanding of the truth. All papers are reviewed by society officers, and sometimes by other members, before presentation in conferences and they are edit, sometimes very significantly prior to publication in the Proceedings of the NPA.

Natural Philosophy Alliance published in conjunction with the 20th Annual Natural Philosophy Alliance conference.

What we call time in physics is not a real entity in the universe. The real entities in the universe are matter and energy. Energy gives motion to matter or allows the transformation of matter, giving us the illusion of passing time or more precisely a perception of an "arrow of time". The mistake about using time as a real entity in physics came first in the 18th century when L. Euler, in 1752, states that acceleration of a body is the time derivative of velocity. Instead, we will use d'Alembert definition of acceleration deduced by experimental results: (phi*dt)=dv, where dt is not time differential as in differential calculation but only a small constant of "duration", and phi the acceleration. Einstein theory was to think that time is a real entity in the universe and then space-time coordinates can describe the universe.

Praise for the previous edition [. . .] Dr. Popko’s elegant new book extends both the science and the art of spherical modeling to include Computer-Aided Design and applications, which I would never have imagined when I started down this fascinating and rewarding path. His lovely illustrations bring the subject to life for all readers, including those who are not drawn to the mathematics. This book demonstrates the scope, beauty, and utility of an art and science with roots in antiquity. [. . .] Anyone with an interest in the geometry of spheres, whether a professional engineer, an architect or product designer, a student, a teacher, or simply someone curious about the spectrum of topics to be found in this book, will find it helpful and rewarding. – Magnus Wenninger, Benedictine Monk and Polyhedral Modeler Ed Popko's comprehensive survey of the history, literature, geometric, and mathematical properties of the sphere is the definitive work on the subject. His masterful and thorough investigation of every aspect is covered with sensitivity and intelligence. This book should be in the library of anyone interested in the orderly subdivision of the sphere. – Shoji Sadao, Architect, Cartographer and lifelong business partner of Buckminster Fuller Edward Popko's Divided Spheres is a "thesaurus" must to those whose academic interest in the world of geometry looks to greater coverage of synonyms and antonyms of this beautiful shape we call a sphere. The late Buckminster Fuller might well place this manuscript as an all-reference for illumination to one of nature's most perfect inventions. – Thomas T. K. Zung, Senior Partner, Buckminster Fuller, Sadao, & Zung Architects. This first edition of this well-illustrated book presented a thorough introduction to the mathematics of Buckminster Fuller’s invention of the geodesic dome, which paved the way for a flood of practical applications as diverse as weather forecasting and fish farms. The author explained the principles of spherical design and the three classic methods of subdivision based on geometric solids (polyhedra). This thoroughly edited new edition does all that, while also introducing new techniques that extend the class concept by relaxing the triangulation constraint to develop two new forms of optimized hexagonal tessellations. The objective is to generate spherical grids where all edge (or arc) lengths or overlap ratios are equal. New to the Second Edition New Foreword by Joseph Clinton, lifelong Buckminster Fuller collaborator A new chapter by Chris Kitrick on the mathematical techniques for developing optimal single-edge hexagonal tessellations, of varying density, with the smallest edge possible for a particular topology, suggesting ways of comparing their levels of optimization An expanded history of the evolution of spherical subdivision New applications of spherical design in science, product design, architecture, and entertainment New geodesic algorithms for grid optimization New full-color spherical illustrations created using DisplaySphere to aid readers in visualizing and comparing the various tessellations presented in the book Updated Bibliography with references to the most recent advancements in spherical subdivision methods

The Reader's Guide to the History of Science looks at the literature of science in some 550 entries on individuals (Einstein), institutions and disciplines (Mathematics), general themes (Romantic Science) and central concepts (Paradigm and Fact). The history of science is construed widely to include the history of medicine and technology as is reflected in the range of disciplines from which the international team of 200 contributors are drawn.

A wealth of information is presented in this guide in a variety of formats, including a concise narrative history, a chronology and A to Z entries, to provide readers with a greater understanding of German history, from the Renaissance to the present day.