A systematic overview of the quickly developing field of bioengineering—with state-of-the-art modeling software! Computational Modeling and Simulation Examples in Bioengineering provides a comprehensive introduction to the emerging field of bioengineering. It provides the theoretical background necessary to simulating pathological conditions in the bones, muscles, cardiovascular tissue, and cancers, as well as lung and vertigo disease. The methodological approaches used for simulations include the finite element, dissipative particle dynamics, and lattice Boltzman. The text includes access to a state-of-the-art software package for simulating the theoretical problems. In this way, the book enhances the reader's learning capabilities in the field of biomedical engineering. The aim of this book is to provide concrete examples of applied modeling in biomedical engineering. Examples in a wide range of areas equip the reader with a foundation of knowledge regarding which problems can be modeled with which numerical methods. With more practical examples and more online software support than any competing text, this book organizes the field of computational bioengineering into an accessible and thorough introduction. Computational Modeling and Simulation Examples in Bioengineering: Includes a state-of-the-art software package enabling readers to engage in hands-on modeling of the examples in the book Provides a background on continuum and discrete modeling, along with equations and derivations for three key numerical methods Considers examples in the modeling of bones, skeletal muscles, cartilage, tissue engineering, blood flow, plaque, and more Explores stent deployment modeling as well as stent design and optimization techniques Generates different examples of fracture fixation with respect to the advantages in medical practice applications Computational Modeling and Simulation Examples in Bioengineering is an excellent textbook for students of bioengineering, as well as a support for basic and clinical research. Medical doctors and other clinical professionals will also benefit from this resource and guide to the latest modeling techniques.

Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics: Theory, Variational Principles, Numerical Methods and Applications gives a comprehensive accounting of fluid-solid interaction dynamics, including theory, numerical methods and their solutions for various FSI problems in engineering. The title provides the fundamental theories, methodologies and results developed in the application of FSI dynamics. Four numerical approaches that can be used with almost all integrated FSI systems in engineering are presented. Methods are linked with examples to illustrate results. In addition, numerical results are compared with available experiments or numerical data in order to demonstrate the accuracy of the approaches and their value to engineering applications. The title gives readers the state-of-the-art in theory, variational principles, numerical modeling and applications for fluid-solid interaction dynamics. Readers will be able to independently formulate models to solve their engineering FSI problems using information from this book. - Presents the state-of-the-art in fluid-solid interaction dynamics, providing theory, method and results - Takes an integrated approach to formulate, model and simulate FSI problems in engineering - Illustrates results with concrete examples - Gives four numerical approaches and related theories that are suitable for almost all integrated FSI systems - Provides the necessary information for bench scientists to independently formulate, model, and solve physical FSI problems in engineering

Huge earthquakes and tsunamis have caused serious damage to important structures such as civil infrastructure elements, buildings and power plants around the globe. To quantitatively evaluate such damage processes and to design effective prevention and mitigation measures, the latest high-performance computational mechanics technologies, which include telascale to petascale computers, can offer powerful tools. The phenomena covered in this book include seismic wave propagation in the crust and soil, seismic response of infrastructure elements such as tunnels considering soil-structure interactions, seismic response of high-rise buildings, seismic response of nuclear power plants, tsunami run-up over coastal towns and tsunami inundation considering fluid-structure interactions. The book provides all necessary information for addressing these phenomena, ranging from the fundamentals of high-performance computing for finite element methods, key algorithms of accurate dynamic structural analysis, fluid flows with free surfaces, and fluid-structure interactions, to practical applications with detailed simulation results. The book will offer essential insights for researchers and engineers working in the field of computational seismic/tsunami engineering.

Articles in this book examine various materials and how to determine directly the limit state of a structure, in the sense of limit analysis and shakedown analysis. Apart from classical applications in mechanical and civil engineering contexts, the book reports on the emerging field of material design beyond the elastic limit, which has further industrial design and technological applications. Readers will discover that “Direct Methods” and the techniques presented here can in fact be used to numerically estimate the strength of structured materials such as composites or nano-materials, which represent fruitful fields of future applications. Leading researchers outline the latest computational tools and optimization techniques and explore the possibility of obtaining information on the limit state of a structure whose post-elastic loading path and constitutive behavior are not well defined or well known. Readers will discover how Direct Methods allow rapid and direct access to requested information in mathematically constructive manners without cumbersome step-by-step computation. Both researchers already interested or involved in the field and practical engineers who want to have a panorama of modern methods for structural safety assessment will find this book valuable. It provides the reader with the latest developments and a significant amount of references on the topic.

Structural mechanics is an important field of engineering. The main goal of structural mechanics is to ensure that structures are safe and durable so that catastrophic situations can be prevented, which can otherwise cause loss of life, environmental pollution and financial losses. Depending on the uses of the structure and the conditions that the structure is subjected to, special treatment may be required for the analysis. Specifically, marine structures are subjected to harsh environmental conditions due to the marine environment, which can cause several different damage mechanisms including fatigue and corrosion. This book on “Marine structures” considers a wide range of areas related to marine structures and provides a compilation of numerical and experimental studies related to “Marine structures” research.

Intelligent Materials and Structures provides exceptional insights into designing intelligent materials and structures for special applications in engineering. The author introduces the fundamental materials science involved in research endeavors and simultaneously reviews the current state-of-the-art of intelligent materials and structures. Separate chapters are devoted to the thorough examination of theory and application of laminated composite materials, Piezoelectricity, Shape Memory Alloys, Electro- and Magnetorheological fluids as well as Magneto- and Electrostrictive materials. Each chapter contains numerous equations and figures describing theories, models and behavior of the intelligent material discussed. Special attention is paid to applications of intelligent materials to various structures in the aerospace and medical sector, piezoelectric motors as well as piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesting. Contents: Introduction to Intelligent Materials and Structures Laminated Composite Materials Piezoelectricity Shape Memory Alloys Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Fluids Magnetostrictive and Electrostrictive Materials Applications of Intelligent Materials in Structures Energy Harvesting using Intelligent Materials Index

Pelvic floor disorders are a very important subject in public health, with a major impact on quality of life. In USA for instance, epidemiology data indicate that between 11 and 19% of women may suffer at least one such surgical procedure. This field is in continuous change and there is not a consensus yet in therapeutic approach. This book provides a general overview on the pelvic pathology, concentrating on clinical aspects – diagnostic, physiopathology and treatment. Worldwide known authors have been gathered in order to present a high scientific reference. The most important thing in this book is that it offers a systematic approach on surgical techniques. Most of them are described by the surgeons who invented them and the aim of this book is to provide a strong basis for young doctors who want to operate in this field. Clinicians encounter obstacles in correctly diagnosing some patients. The physiopathology is sometimes not so obvious and except for a few surgical techniques that are accepted as golden-standards, the rest are still in debate. This book offers a unitary view in this field. It provides an algorithm diagnostic based on Integral Theory System by Peter Petros and also extensive therapeutic solutions. Key features: this book offers a comprehensive overview on pelvic floor disorders; it approaches some strongly debated issues; it proposes some new clinical entities such as “posterior vaginal fornix syndrome” the book is easy-to-read for young doctors who do not have a great experience in this field. surgical techniques are presented in a step-by-step manner, highly illustrated; many of those techniques are described by their inventors The book is divided in 10 chapters, trying to offer a comprehensive view in this field. 1. General considerations In the first chapter there is a short review regarding the importance of this topic. 2. Evolution of “Pelvic floor disorder” concept Pelvic floor disorders include a wide variety of perineal affections that seem to have, as a common denominator, an acquired laxity of the musculoskeletal system, which makes up the pelvic floor. This concept is new and it tries to comprise all the anatomoclinical entities in a standardized way, to facilitate, on one side, the description of the lesions and on the other, to favor scientific communication. 3. Classical anatomy of perineum Broadly, the perineum is anatomically made up of all the soft parts, which caudally define the pelvic excavation. These are represented by fascias, muscles, vessels and nerves, and are crossed by ducts of the urogenital and digestive systems, structures that offer a complex biomechanics, whose understanding is indispensable in a judicial therapeutic approach. 4. Perineal physiology and physiopathology Prof. Peter Papa Petros in collaboration with Prof. Ulf Ulmsten from the University in Uppsala have set the theoretical bases of “Integral Theory System”. As the name suggests, the “Integral Theory System” creates a dynamic and interconnected anatomical background to understand the function and dysfunction of perineum. The “Integral Theory System” defines the pelvic floor as a syncytial system, based on vector equilibrium in which muscles and connective tissue take part and which has a nervous component. The newly formed system represents the sum of all the elements involved. Among them, the connective tissue is the most vulnerable. 5. Clinical and paraclinical diagnosis of pelvic floor disorders Diagnosis of perineal affections, though easy at first sight, implies some subtleties. According to the principles of the Integral Theory System and respecting a principle stated by Mircea Eliade that “there are no illnesses, but only ill people”, each case must be evaluated according to the symptoms that bring the patient to the doctor and these should be correlated with the clinical signs observed during the examination. 6. Conservative treatment of pelvic floor disorders Conservative treatment of pelvic floor disorders practically overlaps the conservative treatment of effort urinary incontinence. Broadly, it also addresses other urinary disorders that can benefit more or less efficiently from conservative therapy. In this chapter following, we will focus on the treatment of effort urinary incontinence. 7. Surgical treatment of pelvic floor disorders The treatment of pelvic floor disorders implies a careful prior assessment. Selection of cases with surgical indication is sometimes problematic, in terms of both postoperative results and comorbidities. Young female patients with minimal anatomical defects and whose symptoms are not very noisy, who eventually want more children, can benefit from conservative treatment. Moreover, alternative treatment options must be sought for elderly patients, who have been treated and in whom surgery is contraindicated. Regardless of the outcome of the objective examination, the most important element is the patient’s perception of her own suffering and consequently the extent to which her quality of life is affected. Surgical treatment should be applied when there is a sufficient degree of morbidity. Complementary measures, such as the treatment of chronic associated diseases, weight loss, smoking cessation, and local estrogen treatment can be considered both conservative treatment and preoperative preparation. 8. Postoperatory complications It is widely accepted that no surgical technique lacks complications and therefore the same can be affirmed about the pelvic floor disorders surgical corrections. We can distinguish two major categories of complications, regardless of the approach: complications related to synthetic materials used and complications regarding the surgical technique used. There are a number of complications whose aetiology is unclear and which are presented in the form of symptoms difficult to classify. A last distinct category, called syndrome of vaginal tightness, will be treated separately, having a specific etiology and pathophysiology. 9. 20th century perspectives The direction in which perineal surgery will develop is hard to predict. In the last ten years, the surgery of uterine prolapse and effort urinary incontinence has seen an important boost. This textbook is trying to open new windows to the future. 10. Bibliography