Essay from the year 2013 in the subject American Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, University of Groningen, language: English, abstract: The paper is about Canadian and American immigration policies. It discusses differences, commonalities and such. Which country has the better immigration system? Over the last decade, the Canadian mosaic and the American melting pot have emerged in North American as concepts to explain Canada’s and America’s angle towards immigration and cultural pluralism. While many Canadians view the American melting pot as the total opposite of the mosaic, the two ideologies have much in common while examining the everyday realities of cultural pluralism in North America. In the following my intension is to illustrate on which concepts both immigration policies are based on, under which circumstances immigrants are allowed to move to the US and Canada by comparing the two immigration procedures, what the distinctive features between them are and in how far they are able to keep their promises towards new immigrants by looking at critics.

English summary: The volume comprises nine essays by prominent Canadianists from Austria, Germany and Canada who investigate in comparative fashion the problems of emigration / immigration to and integration in North America and some European countries, especially Austria and France. They inquire how this challenge has been met in Canada since the official adoption of multiculturalism and reflect on the possibility of Canada serving as a model for Europe. While contemporary novels by immigrants to Canada provide evidence of successful integration, ethnic autobiographies remind us of the existence of problems and prejudices in former times. The tensions experienced in the course of a transcultural transfer are shown to be a potential source of inspiration, with authors of Caribbean background providing fruitful examples. The waves of immigration from Austria are also described as is the specific approach to the challenge of immigration in the province of Quebec, through the adoption of the concept of interculturalism. Both the problems linked to immigration in France and the issue of the millions of undocumented immigrants from Latin America in the USA are considered. German description: Der deutsch- und englischsprachige Band enthalt neun Essays von bekannten KanadistInnen aus Osterreich, Deutschland und Kanada, die sich mit Immigration nach und Integration in Nordamerika beschaftigen: Wie wird dieses aktuelle Problem in Kanada bewaltigt? Konnte das offiziell multikulturelle Kanada fur Lander wie Osterreich und Frankreich ein Muster sein? Neben der gelungenen Integration, die sich in Romanen von selbst nach Kanada eingewanderten ErzahlerInnen spiegelt, belegen ethnische Autobiographien die fruher auch in Kanada haufigen Probleme. Das Spannungsverhaltnis beim transkulturellen Ubergang erscheint als mogliche Inspirationsquelle, wobei Schriftsteller aus der Karibik ergiebige Untersuchungsobjekte sind. Die Einwanderung aus Osterreich kommt ebenso zur Sprache wie die spezifische Auseinandersetzung mit der Immigration in Quebec, wo das Konzept des Interkulturalismus dominiert, sowie das Schicksal von Millionen illegaler Einwanderer in den USA.

Covering both qualitative and quantitative topics, the expert contributors in this Handbook explore fundamental issues of scientific logic, methodology and methods, through to practical applications of different techniques and approaches in migration research. The chapters of this interdisciplinary Handbook maintain an introductory level of discussion on migration research methods, while providing readers with references necessary for those wishing to go deeper into the topic. Using a combination of concepts and techniques with research experiences from the field, this Handbook will prove to be an invaluable guide. Master-level students and academics in migration-related programs will find this compendium a useful and stimulating resource. It also discusses issues relating to the collection of data on migrants, including topics such as survey designs, interviewing techniques and ethical issues that policymakers and government employees will find informative. Advisory Board: Professor Stephen Castles Professor Robin Cohen Professor Josh DeWind Professor Raoel Delgado Wise

Convergence hypothesis argues that there is a growing similarity among industrialized, labor-importing countries in terms of immigration control policy and integration policy (Hollifield, Martin and Orrenius 2014). This hypothesis also applies in the context of refugee policies that are enacted among these countries. Specifically, two of the most prominent industrialized countries that are built as nations of immigrants and that host refugees are the United States and Canada. Following the logic of convergence hypothesis, the United States and Canada should be similar with regard to immigration control and integration policies. However, Canada is considered an outlier with regard to convergence hypothesis. Convergence hypothesis was descriptive of immigration control in the form of racial exclusion in both countries until 1971 with Canada's adoption of a federal multiculturalism policy. This study tests the convergence hypothesis in the areas of immigration control and integration policies from the United States and Canada by examining policy adoption documents using qualitative content analysis from 1971-2019. The data shows there is a difference in both the inclusivity or exclusivity of the language used by the United States and Canada with regard to refugee policies as well as the frequency of their occurrence. The Canadian turn to multiculturalism was positively associated with more inclusive legislation when examining immigration and refugee policy documents while the United States was more inclusionary with regard to refugee policy. The study also finds there is a clear and definite association between adoption of multiculturalism by Canada and its divergence to being more inclusionary than the United States with regard to refugee resettlement and integration policy. These findings confirm that the adoption of multiculturalism as being associated with Canada's outlier status with regard to convergence hypothesis and demonstrates that industrialized nations can have their own identity with regard to issues surrounding immigration. The results herein can help assist policy makers that are looking to understand the implications of enactment of multiculturalism on state policy.

The story of West Indian immigrants to the United States is generally considered to be a great success. Mary Waters, however, tells a very different story. She finds that the values that gain first-generation immigrants initial success--a willingness to work hard, a lack of attention to racism, a desire for education, an incentive to save--are undermined by the realities of life and race relations in the United States. Contrary to long-held beliefs, Waters finds, those who resist Americanization are most likely to succeed economically, especially in the second generation.