This publication analyses where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policy makers.

The world economy is still far from the textbook model of unfettered trade, of a global market place without barriers. Non-tariff barriers to trade at and behind the border have been lowered significantly in the course of successive trade negotiations, but more can be done. The studies in this volume review concerns that exporters and governments have raised about market access. They analyse where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policymakers. The specific measures examined are: prohibitions and quotas, non-automatic import licensing schemes, customs fees and charges, and export restrictions.

This volume considers trade liberalisation and development from an economic perspective, aiming to examine these emotive issues using empirical approaches and dispassionate analysis.

Three papers exploring the implications of liberalising trade in various categories of environmental goods: environmentally preferable products, renewable-energy products and energy-efficient products.

This publication analyses where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policy makers.

Three papers exploring the implications of liberalising trade in various categories of environmental goods: environmentally preferable products, renewable-energy products and energy-efficient products.