The authors present measurements of the time-dependent CP-violation parameters S and C in B° 2!K° decays. The data sample corresponds to 384 million B{bar B} pairs produced by ee− annihilation at the [Upsilon](4S). The results are S = 0.58 ± 0.10 ± 0.03, and C = -0.16 ± 0.07 ± 0.03. They observe mixing-induced CP violation with a significance of 5.5 standard deviations in this b 2!s penguin dominated mode.

This dissertation presents a measurement of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B meson decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The data sample consists of about 88 million [Upsilon](4S) 2!B{bar B} decays collected between 1999 and 2002. We study events in which one neutral B meson decay to the CP-eigenstates J/[psi] K{sub S}°, [psi](2S)K{sub S}°, [chi]{sub c1}K{sub S}°, and [eta]{sub c}K{sub S}°, or to flavor-eigenstates involving D{sup (*)}[pi]/[rho]/a1 and J/[psi]K*°(K*° 2!K [pi]−), is fully reconstructed. The flavor of the other neutral B meson is tagged at the time of its decay, mainly using the charge of identified leptons and kaons. The proper time elapsed between the meson decays is determined by measuring the distance between the decay vertices. The amplitude of the CP-violating asymmetry, which in the Standard Model is proportional to sin2[beta], is determined from a simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit to the time-difference distribution of the flavor- and CP-eigenstate samples. We measure sin2[beta] = 0.755 ± 0.074 (stat) ± 0.030 (syst).

Measurements of CP violating observables of the decays B° 2![phi]K°, B° 2![eta]'K{sub S}, B° 2![rho]K{sub S}, B° 2!KK−K° and B° 2!K{sub S}K{sub S}K{sub S} are presented. In addition limits on the branching functions of B° 2![phi][pi]°, B° 2![phi][pi], B 2!K{sup *}K{sub S}, B 2![eta]'[pi]°, B 2![eta]'[eta], and B° 2!K{sub S}K{sub S}K{sub L} are reported.

This volume is a unique report on the frontiers of subnuclear physics presented by global specialists in a clear and rigorous style.The question of Lattice QCD is presented by R D Kenway, and that of Quark-Gluon Plasma Physics by F Karsch. Quantum Field theory is discussed by R G Dijkgraff, and the status of Local Supersymmetry by M J Duff. Detailed analysis of Supersymmetry in Nuclei is made by F Iachello, and that of Inflation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy by E W Kolb. Compactified dimensions are outlined by I Antoniadis, Horizons in the quantization of the gravitational force by Nobel Laureate G 't Hooft, as also are Neutrino Oscillations by G Fogli and Fundamental Constants by H Fritzsch. The experimental data from BNL and Babar are presented by T W Ludlum and M A Giorgi, those from Fermilab and Hera by Parke and G Wolf. The status at CERN is given by L Maiani for the LHC and by W-D Schlatter for the non-LHC experiments. Highlights from Gran Sasso are presented by A Bettini. This volume also contains reports by a selected group of “new talents” on various topics in the field of subnuclear physics.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP® / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences

We have searched for direct CP violation in quasi-two-body charmless B decays observed in a sample of about 45 million B mesons collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. We measure the following charge asymmetries in decay: [Alpha][sub CP](B[sup [+-]] [yields] [eta][prime]K[sup [+-]]) = -0.11 [+-] 0.02, [Alpha][sub CP](B[sup [+-]] [yields] [omega][pi][sup [+-]]) = 0.01[sub -0.31][sup +0.29] [+-] 0.03, [Alpha][sub CP](B[sup [+-]] [yields] [phi]K[sup [+-]]) = -0.05 [+-] 0.20 [+-] 0.03, [Alpha][sub CP](B[sup [+-]] [yields] [phi]K*[sup [+-]]) = -0.43[sub -0.30][sup +0.36] [+-] 0.06, and [Alpha][sub CP](B[sup 0]/[bar B][sup 0] [yields] [phi]K*[sup 0]/[bar K]*[sup 0]) = 0.00 [+-] 0.27 [+-] 0.03.

CP violation is one of the most subtle effects in the Standard Model of particle physics and may be the first clue to the physics that lies beyond. Charge conjugation, C, and parity, P, are symmetries of particle interactions. C corresponds to the operation of replacing a particle by its antiparticle, while P is the operation of mirror reflection. Before 1956, it was believed that these were also symmetries of the interactions of elementary particles. In 1956, C S Wu found evidence for P violation in the weak interaction. Theorists proposed that the combination of CP would be a symmetry of the weak interaction. In 1964, Christenson, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay found the first evidence for the violation of CP symmetry in the decays of kaons.Although Kobayashi and Maskawa then showed how the Standard Model can accommodate the observed CP violation, Wolfenstein pointed out that it is also possible that there is a new interaction in addition to the usual four, called the superweak interaction, which is responsible for the asymmetry. To test this idea, the observation of a different type of asymmetry, called direct CP violation, is required; in the kaon sector, very precise measurements of the ratio of kaon decay rates are necessary. In B decay modes where a second order weak process whimisically named “penguin” interferes with another suppressed, first order “tree” amplitude, it may also be possible to observe these direct CP-violating effects.B physics and CP violation is now one of the major growth areas in high energy physics. Nearly every major high energy physics laboratory now has a project underway to observe the large CP asymmetries expected in the B sector and to test the consistency of the Standard Model. The unitarity of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix in the Standard Model implies the existence of three phases, called alpha, beta and gamma, which can be determined by the measurements of CP asymmetries in B decays. About 200 participants gathered in Hawaii in March 1997 to discuss the progress in the field, and this important book constitutes the proceedings of that conference.