Net displacement of toxic intensity toward developing countries may not have been inevitable in the last two decades. And toxic industrial migration seems to have been the result of restrictive trade policies in the developing countries themselves more than of regulatory cost differences between the North and the South.

Industrialization to achieve economic development has resulted in global environmental degradation. This book identifies/quantifies environmental consequences of industrial growth, and provides policy advice, including the use of clean technologies, with reference to the developing world.

Critics of free trade have raised the specter of a "race to the bottom" in which environmental standards collapse because polluters threaten to relocate to "pollution havens" in the developing world. The flaw in the race-to-the-bottom model is that its basic assumptions misrepresent the political economy of pollution control in developing countries

Discusses the effectiveness of government regulations designed to reduce air pollution and recommends changes in air pollution policies and laws.

This book deals with the theoretical and applied approaches used to control pollution in developing countries and is the first of its kind in the Indian context. It examines the feasibility of using economic instruments for combating water pollution. The empirical findings of the book can serve as an invaluable guide for environmental policy-makers.