The recent development of perturbative QCD (PQCD) fragmentation functions has strong impact on quarkonium production. I shall summarize B[sub c] meson production based on these PQCD fragmentation functions, as well as, the highlights of some recent activities on applying these PQCD fragmentation functions to explain anomalous J/[psi] and[psi][prime] production at the Tevatron. Finally, I discuss a fragmentation model based on the PQCD fragmentation functions for heavy quarks fragmenting into heavy-light mesons.

Inclusion of specific effects associated with constituent binding in hadronic wave functions is shown to lead to important nonscaling, nonfactorizing 1/Q2 contributions to cross sections for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, the Drell-Yan process, and other hard scattering reactions. These 1/Q2 higher-twist terms are predicted to be dominant in well defined kinematic regions such as large x and/or large z. They provide angular distributions typical of longitudinally polarized virtual photons and W's, including sin2theta terms in meson induced Drell-Yan processes and in e/sup +/e− .-->. .pi. X, as well as unusual (1-y) terms in deep-inelastic scattering. Calculations are also presented of the quark structure functions of the pion q/sub .pi./(x, Q2) and for the quark to pion fragmentation function D/sub .pi.(z, Q2). Predictions are made for the azimuthal angle dependence of the cross sections for .pi. N .-->. .mu. anti .mu. X and lN .-->. l'.pi. X.